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Bachem pacap38 chemical

A A schematic coronal section from the rat brain atlas illustrating cannula implantation into the right lateral ventricle (left panel) and the experimental timeline (right panel) ( B ) <t>PACAP38-injected</t> animals ( n = 8) showed a significant reduction in active coping behavior, as indicated by decreased struggling, and an enhancement of immobility (floating behavior) compared to aCSF-injected controls ( n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student's t- test unpaired).

Pacap38 Chemical, supplied by Bachem, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pacap38+chemical/pmc11735793-66-0-1?v=Bachem
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews

pacap38 chemical - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07

90/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus"

Article Title: PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-02016-9

Figure Legend Snippet: A A schematic coronal section from the rat brain atlas illustrating cannula implantation into the right lateral ventricle (left panel) and the experimental timeline (right panel) ( B ) PACAP38-injected animals ( n = 8) showed a significant reduction in active coping behavior, as indicated by decreased struggling, and an enhancement of immobility (floating behavior) compared to aCSF-injected controls ( n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student's t- test unpaired).

Techniques Used: Injection

A Schematic coronal sections from the brain atlas showing brain regions examined (gray shaded). B Representative photomicrographs showing c-Fos positive cells in rats exposed to forced swim stress and microinjected either with aCSF or PACAP38. The lower panels show c-Fos quantification presented as bar graphs in the PVN ( C ) LS ( D ) and BNST ( E ). There was a significant increase of stress-induced c-Fos expression in the parvocellular part of the PVN, ventral LS and latero-dorsal part of the BNST of PACAP38-treated animals compared to aCSF-injected controls. Abbreviations: 3 V third ventricle, AC anterior commissure, BNST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, BNSTld latero-dorsal part of the BNST, BNSTlp latero-posterior part of the BNST, BNSTma medial-anterior part of the BNST, CC corpus callosum, LS lateral septum, LSd lateral septum dorsal, LSv lateral septum ventral, LV lateral ventricle, opt optic nerve, PVN paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, pcPVN parvocellular part of the PVN, mcPVN magnocellular part of the PVN. N = 6–8 animals per group. Scale bars: 100 µm at lower magnification, 25 µm at higher magnification images. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student’s t- test).

Figure Legend Snippet: A Schematic coronal sections from the brain atlas showing brain regions examined (gray shaded). B Representative photomicrographs showing c-Fos positive cells in rats exposed to forced swim stress and microinjected either with aCSF or PACAP38. The lower panels show c-Fos quantification presented as bar graphs in the PVN ( C ) LS ( D ) and BNST ( E ). There was a significant increase of stress-induced c-Fos expression in the parvocellular part of the PVN, ventral LS and latero-dorsal part of the BNST of PACAP38-treated animals compared to aCSF-injected controls. Abbreviations: 3 V third ventricle, AC anterior commissure, BNST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, BNSTld latero-dorsal part of the BNST, BNSTlp latero-posterior part of the BNST, BNSTma medial-anterior part of the BNST, CC corpus callosum, LS lateral septum, LSd lateral septum dorsal, LSv lateral septum ventral, LV lateral ventricle, opt optic nerve, PVN paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, pcPVN parvocellular part of the PVN, mcPVN magnocellular part of the PVN. N = 6–8 animals per group. Scale bars: 100 µm at lower magnification, 25 µm at higher magnification images. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student’s t- test).

Techniques Used: Expressing, Injection

A Schematic drawings of coronal sections of the rat brain showing the localization of the cannula tips within the PVN from rostral (−1.6 mm) to caudal (−1.88 mm) for bilateral microinjection of vehicle (white circles) and PACAP38 (black circles). B Intra-PVN microinjections of PACAP38 (150 and 15 pmol/site; n = 10 and 4) elicited significantly higher floating (passive coping) and reduced struggling (active coping) time compared to aCSF-injected controls ( n = 6). No significant effects were found on the swimming behavior between PACAP38-injected rats and controls. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet's multiple comparison post hoc test).

Figure Legend Snippet: A Schematic drawings of coronal sections of the rat brain showing the localization of the cannula tips within the PVN from rostral (−1.6 mm) to caudal (−1.88 mm) for bilateral microinjection of vehicle (white circles) and PACAP38 (black circles). B Intra-PVN microinjections of PACAP38 (150 and 15 pmol/site; n = 10 and 4) elicited significantly higher floating (passive coping) and reduced struggling (active coping) time compared to aCSF-injected controls ( n = 6). No significant effects were found on the swimming behavior between PACAP38-injected rats and controls. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet's multiple comparison post hoc test).

Techniques Used: Microinjection, Injection, Comparison

A Schematic illustration of the experimental design with the timeline of blood sampling (red circles), drug infusion (green bar) and stress exposure (orange bar, forced swim, FS). Experiment started with insertion of the infusion device (bilateral injection cannulas connected to a microinfusion pump) at least 1 h before blood sampling started. Drugs were infused automatically at a constant flow rate over a period of 7.5 min without any stressful manipulations (e.g such as capturing or restraining animals) before and during the infusion procedure. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals before drug infusion under basal conditions (−35 and −15 min) and after drug infusion, but before stress exposure (−1 min) and after forced swim stress (10, 30, and 60 min). B Swim stress caused an increase in plasma ACTH levels in both intra-PVN PACAP38 ( n = 7) and aCSF-injected controls ( n = 7). Compared to controls, intra-PVN PACAP38-injected rats showed higher plasma ACTH levels during and after forced swim stress. However, basal levels did not differ between groups. The green bar indicates timing of intra-PVN infusion, the orange bar the forced swim (FS) stress exposure. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 **** p < 0.0001 compared to basal timepoints (−35 and −15 min) in same treatment group; +++ p < 0.001 compared to vehicle-injected controls at same timepoint (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison post hoc test).

Figure Legend Snippet: A Schematic illustration of the experimental design with the timeline of blood sampling (red circles), drug infusion (green bar) and stress exposure (orange bar, forced swim, FS). Experiment started with insertion of the infusion device (bilateral injection cannulas connected to a microinfusion pump) at least 1 h before blood sampling started. Drugs were infused automatically at a constant flow rate over a period of 7.5 min without any stressful manipulations (e.g such as capturing or restraining animals) before and during the infusion procedure. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals before drug infusion under basal conditions (−35 and −15 min) and after drug infusion, but before stress exposure (−1 min) and after forced swim stress (10, 30, and 60 min). B Swim stress caused an increase in plasma ACTH levels in both intra-PVN PACAP38 ( n = 7) and aCSF-injected controls ( n = 7). Compared to controls, intra-PVN PACAP38-injected rats showed higher plasma ACTH levels during and after forced swim stress. However, basal levels did not differ between groups. The green bar indicates timing of intra-PVN infusion, the orange bar the forced swim (FS) stress exposure. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 **** p < 0.0001 compared to basal timepoints (−35 and −15 min) in same treatment group; +++ p < 0.001 compared to vehicle-injected controls at same timepoint (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison post hoc test).

Techniques Used: Sampling, Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Comparison

A Schematic drawing illustrating different subregions of the PVN and representative confocal images showing CRF (red) and c-Fos (blue) immunopositive neurons in the mpcPVN. B The lower panels show quantification of CRF (left panel) and CRF/c-Fos (middle and right panel) positive neurons presented as bar graphs in the mpcPVN. There was no significant difference in the total number of CRF neurons between PACAP38-treated animals and controls, but the number of CRF neurons that co-express c-Fos were significantly higher in the PACAP38-treated animals compared to controls. Note that in controls only 38% of CRF neurons expressed Fos, while in the PACAP38-treated animals the percentage of CRF neurons expressing c-Fos was 76%. Abbreviations: 3 V third ventricle, ns not significant. N = 3 animals per group. Scale bar: 50 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student's t- test).

Figure Legend Snippet: A Schematic drawing illustrating different subregions of the PVN and representative confocal images showing CRF (red) and c-Fos (blue) immunopositive neurons in the mpcPVN. B The lower panels show quantification of CRF (left panel) and CRF/c-Fos (middle and right panel) positive neurons presented as bar graphs in the mpcPVN. There was no significant difference in the total number of CRF neurons between PACAP38-treated animals and controls, but the number of CRF neurons that co-express c-Fos were significantly higher in the PACAP38-treated animals compared to controls. Note that in controls only 38% of CRF neurons expressed Fos, while in the PACAP38-treated animals the percentage of CRF neurons expressing c-Fos was 76%. Abbreviations: 3 V third ventricle, ns not significant. N = 3 animals per group. Scale bar: 50 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student's t- test).

Techniques Used: Expressing, Injection

Image Search Results

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-02016-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A A schematic coronal section from the rat brain atlas illustrating cannula implantation into the right lateral ventricle (left panel) and the experimental timeline (right panel) ( B ) PACAP38-injected animals ( n = 8) showed a significant reduction in active coping behavior, as indicated by decreased struggling, and an enhancement of immobility (floating behavior) compared to aCSF-injected controls ( n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student's t- test unpaired).

Article Snippet: PACAP38 (Bachem AG, Switzerland) were dissolved in sterile distilled water and aliquots of stock solution (1 mg/mL) were stored at −80 °C.

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-02016-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic coronal sections from the brain atlas showing brain regions examined (gray shaded). B Representative photomicrographs showing c-Fos positive cells in rats exposed to forced swim stress and microinjected either with aCSF or PACAP38. The lower panels show c-Fos quantification presented as bar graphs in the PVN ( C ) LS ( D ) and BNST ( E ). There was a significant increase of stress-induced c-Fos expression in the parvocellular part of the PVN, ventral LS and latero-dorsal part of the BNST of PACAP38-treated animals compared to aCSF-injected controls. Abbreviations: 3 V third ventricle, AC anterior commissure, BNST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, BNSTld latero-dorsal part of the BNST, BNSTlp latero-posterior part of the BNST, BNSTma medial-anterior part of the BNST, CC corpus callosum, LS lateral septum, LSd lateral septum dorsal, LSv lateral septum ventral, LV lateral ventricle, opt optic nerve, PVN paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, pcPVN parvocellular part of the PVN, mcPVN magnocellular part of the PVN. N = 6–8 animals per group. Scale bars: 100 µm at lower magnification, 25 µm at higher magnification images. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student’s t- test).

Article Snippet: PACAP38 (Bachem AG, Switzerland) were dissolved in sterile distilled water and aliquots of stock solution (1 mg/mL) were stored at −80 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Injection

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-02016-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic drawings of coronal sections of the rat brain showing the localization of the cannula tips within the PVN from rostral (−1.6 mm) to caudal (−1.88 mm) for bilateral microinjection of vehicle (white circles) and PACAP38 (black circles). B Intra-PVN microinjections of PACAP38 (150 and 15 pmol/site; n = 10 and 4) elicited significantly higher floating (passive coping) and reduced struggling (active coping) time compared to aCSF-injected controls ( n = 6). No significant effects were found on the swimming behavior between PACAP38-injected rats and controls. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet's multiple comparison post hoc test).

Article Snippet: PACAP38 (Bachem AG, Switzerland) were dissolved in sterile distilled water and aliquots of stock solution (1 mg/mL) were stored at −80 °C.

Techniques: Microinjection, Injection, Comparison

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-02016-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic illustration of the experimental design with the timeline of blood sampling (red circles), drug infusion (green bar) and stress exposure (orange bar, forced swim, FS). Experiment started with insertion of the infusion device (bilateral injection cannulas connected to a microinfusion pump) at least 1 h before blood sampling started. Drugs were infused automatically at a constant flow rate over a period of 7.5 min without any stressful manipulations (e.g such as capturing or restraining animals) before and during the infusion procedure. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals before drug infusion under basal conditions (−35 and −15 min) and after drug infusion, but before stress exposure (−1 min) and after forced swim stress (10, 30, and 60 min). B Swim stress caused an increase in plasma ACTH levels in both intra-PVN PACAP38 ( n = 7) and aCSF-injected controls ( n = 7). Compared to controls, intra-PVN PACAP38-injected rats showed higher plasma ACTH levels during and after forced swim stress. However, basal levels did not differ between groups. The green bar indicates timing of intra-PVN infusion, the orange bar the forced swim (FS) stress exposure. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 **** p < 0.0001 compared to basal timepoints (−35 and −15 min) in same treatment group; +++ p < 0.001 compared to vehicle-injected controls at same timepoint (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison post hoc test).

Article Snippet: PACAP38 (Bachem AG, Switzerland) were dissolved in sterile distilled water and aliquots of stock solution (1 mg/mL) were stored at −80 °C.

Techniques: Sampling, Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Comparison

Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology

Article Title: PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-02016-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic drawing illustrating different subregions of the PVN and representative confocal images showing CRF (red) and c-Fos (blue) immunopositive neurons in the mpcPVN. B The lower panels show quantification of CRF (left panel) and CRF/c-Fos (middle and right panel) positive neurons presented as bar graphs in the mpcPVN. There was no significant difference in the total number of CRF neurons between PACAP38-treated animals and controls, but the number of CRF neurons that co-express c-Fos were significantly higher in the PACAP38-treated animals compared to controls. Note that in controls only 38% of CRF neurons expressed Fos, while in the PACAP38-treated animals the percentage of CRF neurons expressing c-Fos was 76%. Abbreviations: 3 V third ventricle, ns not significant. N = 3 animals per group. Scale bar: 50 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 vs aCSF-injected controls (Student's t- test).

Article Snippet: PACAP38 (Bachem AG, Switzerland) were dissolved in sterile distilled water and aliquots of stock solution (1 mg/mL) were stored at −80 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Injection

A, amperometric recordings of catecholamine secretion in response to 10 μm nicotine. Nicotine (N) and 1 nm PACAP38 were added to the perfusate for the periods indicated (bars for N and double line for PACAP38). Chart records were interrupted for the indicated times. B, cumulative curves of secretion; a-c shown in A correspond to a-c in B. Zero on the abscissa represents the time when nicotine was applied.

Journal:

Article Title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide may function as a neuromodulator in guinea-pig adrenal medulla

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00473.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, amperometric recordings of catecholamine secretion in response to 10 μm nicotine. Nicotine (N) and 1 nm PACAP38 were added to the perfusate for the periods indicated (bars for N and double line for PACAP38). Chart records were interrupted for the indicated times. B, cumulative curves of secretion; a-c shown in A correspond to a-c in B. Zero on the abscissa represents the time when nicotine was applied.

Article Snippet: (±)-Muscarine chloride, methoxyverapamil (D-600), forskolin, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and nystatin were obtained from Sigma; N -(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride (HA1004) and N -[2-( p -bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89) were from Seikagaku (Tokyo, Japan); 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was from Biomol (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA); collagenase was from Yakult (Tokyo, Japan); nicotine was from Nacalai (Kyoto, Japan); PACAP27 and PACAP38 were from Peptide Institute (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

$A, amperometric recordings of catecholamine secretion in response to 10 μm nicotine. Nicotine was bath applied during the periods indicated (bars) before (con) and after treatment with 10 nm (upper traces) and 0·3 nm (lower traces) PACAP27 (PACAP; P, double lines). PACAP was applied for about 2 min in this and the following figures. Some of the recordings during PACAP pretreatment are not shown. Upper and lower records are from the same cell. B, amount of nicotine-induced secretion, expressed as a fraction of that just before PACAP pretreatment (see Methods), plotted against time after PACAP pretreatment; a-e shown in A correspond to a-e in B. Squares represent nicotine-induced secretion following 0·1 nm PACAP pretreatment. C, relative amount of nicotine-induced secretion plotted against the concentration of PACAP applied for pretreatment. Means ±s.e.m. of 4–15 cells for each concentration of PACAP (○) and of 4–8 cells for PACAP38 (▵). The line represents y = 2·65(C/(C + 2·06)) + 1, where y is the relative amount of secretion and C is the concentration of PACAP.$

Journal:

Article Title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide may function as a neuromodulator in guinea-pig adrenal medulla

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00473.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, amperometric recordings of catecholamine secretion in response to 10 μm nicotine. Nicotine was bath applied during the periods indicated (bars) before (con) and after treatment with 10 nm (upper traces) and 0·3 nm (lower traces) PACAP27 (PACAP; P, double lines). PACAP was applied for about 2 min in this and the following figures. Some of the recordings during PACAP pretreatment are not shown. Upper and lower records are from the same cell. B, amount of nicotine-induced secretion, expressed as a fraction of that just before PACAP pretreatment (see Methods), plotted against time after PACAP pretreatment; a-e shown in A correspond to a-e in B. Squares represent nicotine-induced secretion following 0·1 nm PACAP pretreatment. C, relative amount of nicotine-induced secretion plotted against the concentration of PACAP applied for pretreatment. Means ±s.e.m. of 4–15 cells for each concentration of PACAP (○) and of 4–8 cells for PACAP38 (▵). The line represents y = 2·65(C/(C + 2·06)) + 1, where y is the relative amount of secretion and C is the concentration of PACAP.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

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